Improvement in tempering and forming articles of steel



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e. smoms. TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No.169,736.

Paented Nbv.9,1875.

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Jl LM W- ?m w J49MM ILFEI'ERS, PHOTD-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

2Sheets-Sheet2. e. F. smozws. TEMQERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL.

N0- 159,735. V Patented Nov. 9,1875.

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hu (H- W W 4 why 7 04 MPETEHS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D c,

UNITED ST TES GEORGE F. SIMONDS, OF. FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO SIMONDSMANUEAGTUBING COMPANY, SAME PLACE.

-IMPROVEMENT,|N TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 169,736, dated November 9, 1875; application filed August 26, 1875.

To all whom itmay concern Be it known that I, GEORGE F. SIMoNDs, of Fitchburg, -Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Temperin g and Forming Articles of Steel, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section; Fig. 4, separate .views of the formers.

My invention relates to the hardening, tempering, and bringing to their ultimate forms articles of steel, or of steel and iron combined, and is an improvement on Patent No. 151,167, dated May 19, 187 at; and it consists in the process and in several combinations of devices, hereinafter explained and claimed, whereby saws'may be tempered and straightened without the usual process of hammering.

To enable others skilled in the art tomake and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the exact manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A A represent the walls of an oven, B the roof, 0 the fire-box, and D the tempering and forming chamber. Above the fire-box is placed the fire-proof tile a, to distribute the heat in its passage to the tempering and forming chamber. This chamher I make air-tight and of any suitable material preferably boiler-iron with hot-air chambers H on each side and above it. The door L, which closes the tempering-chamber, I prefer to line with asbestos or other non-conducting material, to prevent the escape of heat by radiation; but this is not essential to the successful working of my invention. The formers 0 care suspended in the tempering chamber, as shown in Fig. 1, by means of the revolving shafts b I), provided with necessary hearings in frame-work E E. The outer ends of these shafts are provided with screws ff, by which they can be moved longitudinally and the formers can be closed or opened within the tempering-chamber. By means of the wheel F the shaft b may be readily revolved, and when the formers are brought in contact or closed on an article to be tempered it is evident that the shaft b will also be caused to revolve with the shaft 1), and the two formers may be revolved within the chamber D. This revolution of the formers may become desirable in order to secure more certainly a uniform temperature.

The great purpose of this construction is to place the article to be tempered I and formed entirely out of the reach of any draft, and thus secure All GVGIJHQSS Of llBEtl] GSSBDlJlEI l t0 SUCCESS.

The heat in the surrounding chambers H may be readily regulated or directed from oneportion of the chamberD to another by means of the small vents eethrough the top of the furnace.

When the saw or article to be tempered and brought to its ultimate form has been properly hardened it is placed between the formers c c, the door is closed, and the article is secured in position by the gradual movement of the screws ff until the pressure is sufficient to bring the piece to the desired form, where it is held subjected to the perfectly-uniform and desired amountof heat until the article takes a permanent set to the required form, when it can be removed to make place for another.

My formers c c are of a novel construction, as shown in Fig. 4. The face of the former, instead of being a smooth flat surface, is grooved in such a manner as to divide it up into numerous small surfaces resembling somewhat the face of a waffle-iron. Behind this face is a se ries of radial ribs, k, to strengthen and support the same.

I find it desirable to make the former double by interposing between the face-plate and the backing an open space, I, as shown in the drawings, Fig. 4, so as to admit the heat freely over the rear of the face-plate, which, being of uniform thickness, is thus more certainly heated to a uniform temperature.

ltis evident from the description herein given of my apparatus for tempering and straightening saws that, by using a long horizontal tempering and forming chamber, band-saws of any length or size may be successfully made.

Instead of the formers used for pressing the ordinary circular saws, band saws may be stretched while being subjected to the heat in the tempering and forming chamber with perfeet success.

The leading object of my invention is to produce a perfect saw without the necessity of hammering; and I find, after a long series of experiments, that, in order to readily straighten the saws and leave them sufficiently hard, it is necessary to use a more highly-carbonized steel than is or can be successfully worked by the present mode of straightening by hammering, by which means, in connection with my improved oven and devices, I not only secure the desired object, but produce an article very much superior in many respects to those made by the old method.

' It is evident from the above description that the formers may be. arranged-within the air tight chamber otherwise than vertically, as shown in Fig. 1, without departing from the spirit of my invention, the essential feature of which is the means for securing a perfectly-uniform temperature in the formers and tempering-chamber.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claim as new, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is

1. Formers c c, constructed with a crossgrooved face, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination of formers for holding articles to any required position with an airtight oven, D, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of formers for holding articles to any required position. with an airtight oven, D, inclosed in a heating-furnace, substantially as and. for the purpose set forth.

4- The combination of formers c c and revolving shafts b b with oven D inclosed in heating-furnace, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of formers c a, revolving shafts b b, and screws f f with oven D, inclosed in heating-furnace, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with a tempering-oven, revolving vertical formers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7 The improved process, herein described, of tempering and straightening saws by means of heat and pressure, and without hammering, the saw being protected from atmospheric currents, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

GEO. F. SIMONDS.

Witnesses WILL H. MOXON, J No. D. PATTEN. 

